The Malayer-Boroujerd-Shazand district (approximately 70 km long) is located in the SANANDAJ-SIRJAN ZONE with NW-SE trending, and consist mainly of hornfels, schist, phyllite, migmatite, granite and granodiorite which contain numerous pegmatite and aplitic dykes. Among these rocks, granodiorite, hornfels and schist are main host rocks for quartz, feldspar, muscovite and tourmaline bearing pegmatites. The tourmaline composition is schorlite-foitite type with tendency to dravite in Shazand tourmaline which show magmatic-hydrothermal origin, and located in alkali and site-vacancies. These tourmalines in the Fe/ (Fe + Mg) vs MgO diagram are located above and below 0. 8 which proved tourmalines are magmatic and hydrothermal. Magmatic evidences are dominantly schorlite tourmaline composition, increase in octahedral Al content, higher Fe content than Mg and presence of more sample between alkali-deficient and proton-deficient tourmaline vectors. Presence of zoning in tourmaline, vein form pegmatite, increase of Mg in some samples and being away from alkali-deficient and proton-deficient tourmaline vectors are evidences for hydrothermal origin of tourmaline.

Laibid (northwest Esfahan) metamorphic rocks are situated in complexly deformed sub ZONE of the SANANDAJ-SIRJAN ZONE, in which bounding faults emplaced Permian metamorphosed, beside the younger Triassic-Jurassic metamorphic rocks. Structural study of these units reveals three deformation stages of a progressive deformation in this area. The first stage includes tight to isoclinal folds, the second stage includes open to close folds and the third one includes gentle to open folds. From the first to the third stage, fold's wavelength gradually become longer, so that their aspect ratio change respectively from tall and short, for the first stage, to broad, for the second stage, and to wide, for the third one. Superposition of these fold generations caused in coaxial interference patterns. It seems that during Late Jurassic, these three folding stages consequently formed and passively rotated in a continuous deformation condition, by gradually decreasing deformation depth. Dikes alternatively injected into the extensional fractures and through the axial plane foliation and gradually deformed in to the fold, boudin, folded boudin, and boudined fold.

Different characteristics of the rock units and their stratigraphic relationships, as well as magmatic and metamorphic activities in the southern part of the SANANDAJ-SIRJAN ZONE resulted in identification of different tectono-stratigraphic units based on their tectonic environments reflecting the opening and closure of the Neotethys Ocean in southern Iran. The major tectono-stratigraphic units identified in this study are as follows: sediments deposited in the aulacogen setting in southern part of the Central Iranian platform of Paleozoic to Middle Triassic age; Triassic volcanic rocks and turbiditic sediments; low-grade flysch-type sediments of Jurassic-Early Cretaceous age deposited in a forearc basin; Lower Cretaceous carbonate platform sediments; suture ZONE-related rocks containing ophiolite, radilolarite and glaucophane schists; Tertiary flysch- type sediments containing exotic blocks of Lower Cretaceous carbonate, ophiolite and of the Zagros Formations formed over the edge of High Zagros ZONE; retro-arc foreland sediments of Central Iran which unconformably overlie the deformed rocks of northeastern part of the area; and finally post-orogenic molasse-type sediments resulted from post uplift erosion of the Zagros orogeny, deposited in the internal and marginal parts of the southern SANANDAJ-SIRJAN ZONE.

Bajgan metamorphic complex is located at the southeastern termination of the SANANDAJ-SIRJAN ZONE in north of Makran. The metamorphic rocks, having igneous and sedimentary origins, are in tectonic contact with ophiolite assemblages and colored mé, lange. The rocks can be divided in four units based on lithological characteristics. These units are covered by Pliocene and Quaternary sediments. Structural study indicates the presence of three syn-metamorphic stages of deformation in ductile condition. The main structures elements are different generation of folds, foliation and lineation, each of them has been generated during a specific stage and superimposed on each other. The structural elements in this complex have emerged during subduction, ophiolite obduction and exhumation, respectively.

Automatic analysis of morphometric of topography is one of the new sections and unprecedented internal studies. Due to this fact, the validation of this type of studies are also similarly important to their assigned position. Hereof, the leading research, analysis of the topography position index (TPI) automatically in two regions of SANANDAJ- SIRJAN ZONE and broken Zagros ZONE to achieve most correct results, were studied. In this study, according to verify and adaptation with condition of observations was used of Dickson & Beier within through of the other methods. After preparing of TPI layer with separation to 4 classes (ridgetop, steep slope, flat-gentle slope and canyon bottom) approach by Dickson & Beier from DEM layer with a resolution of 10 m of the total Sahneh township in Kermanshah province, in the next step typically from two parts of the geomorphologic Zagros region selected two part with dimensions of 6.07 × 6.07 km. In the final part of the project as well as the results of the topographic position index with respect to satellite images and field visits. The results represent the perfect match the values of the TPI=1, with valleys and Canyon (Exist of Drainage Network), TPI=2, with the residential part of the crop, and the slope gentle, TPI=3, fitted with steep slopes and sparse vegetation and TPI=4, with ridgetop. In two parts areas of steep slope has been included maximum area parts of the both regions (pilot) and then the landforms of slope gentle and the ridgetop and finally also canyon bottom as well as the minimum area...

The Saqqez-Baneh area, as a part of the NW SANANDAJ-SIRJAN ZONE, is selected for investigation of different deformation stages. In this research, firstly, the lithology of outcropped rock units and visible lineaments were mapped using remote sensing approach. Then, field surveys were carried out for structural measurements, during which major and minor faults and shear ZONEs (as ductile ZONEs) were measured and mapped. These data were then entered to GIS environment as vector layers (and attributed descriptions), resulting in preparation of a structural map. The results of field surveys along with geometric and kinematic analyses show that the major faults together with their related fault orders formed a curved shape of structures, outcropped rock unit patterns and intrusive localities. Geometric and kinematic analyses demonstrated three stages of movement: with north-south (in ductile environment), northeast-southwest (in ductile to brittle environment) and east-west (in brittle environment). These three stages caused three stages of faulting with trends along N140-150, N70-80 and N10-20 directions, which can be attributed to three orogenic phases in Precambrian and/or late Triassic (Katangai and/or Cimmerian), Cretaceous (Laramide) and Neogene (late Alpine events such as Savian to Pasadenian).

he east Sanadaj-Galali plutons of the northern SANANDAJ-SIRJAN ZONE, Zagros Orogeny, are composite, polyphase bodies that generated during subduction ofNeotethys beneath the Eurasian plate. A-type magmatism in this area presents by Alkaline, high K, ferroan leucogranites. Despite having mineralogical and isotopic similarities, these leucogranites show a clear division, based on the geochemical and SHRIMP zircon crystal dating results. Qalaylan leucogranite with the crystallization age of 159 ± 3Ma is Al-type. Other leucogranites are A2-type and crystalized about 20 million years later (140-149 Ma). In fact, mantle derived mafic magma, as heat source, caused partial melting of heterogeneous pre­ fertilized Sanadaj-SIRJAN basement and creates Qalaylan leucogranites. Younger leucogranites are A2-type and present different evolution path. These rocks generate in a post collisional setting as a result of partial melting of heterogeneous pre-fertilized Sanadaj-SIRJAN basement, about 20 Ma later. In post collisional setting, asthenosphere upwelling do to the slab roll back or slab steepening could be a heat source of crust melting and generates the younger leucogranites.

A NW-SE trending ductile shear ZONE has been generated in the metamorphic rocks of the southwest Golpaygan. Different pellitic and psammitic schists, meta-carbonates and igneous rocks were strongly deformed in this ductile shear ZONE and produced mylonites and ultra-mylonites. Structural analysis indicates three stages of foliations in the metamorphic rocks. Geometry and kinematics of the fabrics in Nowgan shear ZONE are divided into two northeastern and southwestern parts (limbs of Nowqan antiform). Mylonitic foliation moderately to steeply dip towards northeast in the northeastern part but dips to the southwest in the southwestern part. Mineral and stretching lineation, are shallowly to moderately plunging to the east-southeast in the northeastern part of the shear ZONE and, to the west-northwest in the southwestern part. The microstructural indicators of shear sense cleared that the northeastern part dextrally displaced along strike with normal component and the southwestern part sinisterly displaced with reverse component at the present situation. The fabrics evidence clear that this ductile shear ZONE were originally right-lateral strike–slip shear ZONE and during its structural evolution it was rotated around its strike during later folding stage. Structural analysis of the surrounded rocks of the shear ZONE indicates three superposed foliations. The mylonitic foliation in the shear ZONE and the axial plane foliations of the second stage folding are sub-parallel. Plunge directions of the second stage folds axes and the mineral/stretching lineation are also sub-parallel. Therefore, the initiation and development of the shear ZONE were synchronous with the second stage folding event.

The Upper Cretaceous succession (UCS) of the north SANANDAJ-SIRJAN ZONE consists of five units. The units are 2000 m thick, including shale, sandstone, limestone, intrafomational conglomerate with interbedded basaltic-andesitic lava. This succession is unconformably underlain by Lower Cretaceous and overlain by Paleocene conglomerates. The geochemistry of the samples represents ratios of Al2O3/TiO2 (18-22), La/LuCN (5. 43-24. 4), La/Sc (0. 51-2. 53), Th/Sc (0. 42-0. 68), LREE/HREE (Nd/ErCN > 5), and negative anomalies of Eu/Eu* (0. 26-0. 89) and Nb/Nb* (0. 14-0. 82). These characteristics indicate that the samples are immature, first-order sediments, and were eroded from intermediate to acidic arcs in the subduction ZONE. The volcanic rocks were formed during the intracrustal melting of an altered oceanic slab at high pressures in the garnet-amphibolite facies. The geochemical compositions and vertical lithofacies stacking patterns of the UCS imply that the depositional environment has changed during sedimentation from a trench to trench slope and forearc basins arising from continent-ward migration of the magmatic arc. The activities of Late Cretaceous volcanism resulted in the upwelling of anoxic water, demise of planktonic, and formed pyrite in the deposits. Samples on the Th/Yb-Ta/Yb diagram fall in the ACM and WPVZ fields, indicating tectonic evolution from low-gradient subduction to extensional volcanic conditions.

Abpooneh iron mine is located 85 km west of Isfahan province in the middle part of SANANDAJ-SIRJAN structural ZONE. The host rock of Abpooneh ore are meta sandstone, schist and phyllite. Silicate minerals that were created during the metamorphosis of the host rock in the ore include muscovite, chlorite and indicate the green schist facies. Iron ore mainly show a banded and lumpy textures. In terms of texture, mineralogy and chemical composition, the iron ore is comparable to the metamorphosed iron ores. The textural and structural features is indicate the sedimentary-diagenetic origin of the ore in Abpooneh. Metamorphism occurred after the formation of the ore and caused the recrystallization of the ore and the host rock. The constituent components of the ore result of the erosion of continental destructive rocks and may have been provided by hydrothermal fluids related to submarine volcanic activities. The pattern of distribution of main and minor elements of ore and host rock is similar in various charts and this indicates their formation in a similar sedimentary environment.